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<title>Ernest Chausson</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ernest Chausson</span></span>

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<p><b>Amédée-Ernest Chausson</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">

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</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa">[ʃosɔ̃]</span>; 20 January 1855 – 10 June 1899) was a French <a href="Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Romantic</a> <a href="Composer" title="Composer">composer</a>.

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<p>Born in Paris into an affluent <a href="Bourgeoisie" title="Bourgeoisie">bourgeois</a> family, Chausson was the sole surviving child of a building contractor who made his fortune assisting <a href="Baron_Haussmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Baron Haussmann">Baron Haussmann</a> in the redevelopment of Paris in the 1850s. To please his father, Chausson studied law and was appointed a barrister for the Court of Appeals, but had little or no interest in the profession. He frequented the <a href="Salon_(gathering)" title="Salon (gathering)">Paris salons</a>, where he met celebrities such as <a href="Henri_Fantin-Latour" title="Henri Fantin-Latour">Henri Fantin-Latour</a>, <a href="Odilon_Redon" title="Odilon Redon">Odilon Redon</a>, and <a href="Vincent_d'Indy" title="Vincent d'Indy">Vincent d'Indy</a>. Before deciding on a musical career, he dabbled in writing and drawing.

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<p>In 1879, at the age of 24, he began attending the composition classes of <a href="Jules_Massenet" title="Jules Massenet">Jules Massenet</a> at the <a href="Conservatoire_de_Paris" title="Conservatoire de Paris">Paris Conservatoire</a>; Massenet came to regard him as "an exceptional person and a true artist". He had already composed some piano pieces and songs. Nevertheless, the earliest manuscripts that have been preserved are those corrected by Massenet. At the Conservatoire, Chausson also studied with <a href="C%C3%A9sar_Franck" title="César Franck">César Franck</a>, with whom he formed a close friendship that lasted until Franck's death in 1890. Chausson interrupted his studies in 1881 after a failed attempt to win the <a href="Prix_de_Rome" title="Prix de Rome">Prix de Rome</a>.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.laphil.com/philpedia/music/piano-trio-g-minor-op-3-ernest-chausson">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129160209/http://www.laphil.com/philpedia/music/piano-trio-g-minor-op-3-ernest-chausson">Archived</a> 2014-11-29 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>

</p><p>During 1882 and 1883, Chausson, who enjoyed travel, visited <a href="Bayreuth_Festspielhaus" title="Bayreuth Festspielhaus">Bayreuth</a> to hear the operas of <a href="Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a>. On the first of these journeys, he went with d'Indy for the premiere of Wagner's <i><a href="Parsifal" title="Parsifal">Parsifal</a></i>, and on the second trip he went with his new spouse, Jeanne Escudier (1862–1936), with whom he was to have five children.

</p><p>From 1886 until his death in 1899, Chausson was secretary of the <a href="Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_Nationale_de_Musique" class="mw-redirect" title="Société Nationale de Musique">Société Nationale de Musique</a>. In his own home (22 Boulevard de Courcelles, near <a href="Parc_Monceau" title="Parc Monceau">Parc Monceau</a>), he received artists, including the composers <a href="Henri_Duparc_(composer)" title="Henri Duparc (composer)">Henri Duparc</a>, <a href="Gabriel_Faur%C3%A9" title="Gabriel Fauré">Gabriel Fauré</a>, <a href="Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Claude Debussy</a>, and <a href="Isaac_Alb%C3%A9niz" title="Isaac Albéniz">Isaac Albéniz</a>; poet <a href="St%C3%A9phane_Mallarm%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Mallarmé">Stéphane Mallarmé</a>; Russian novelist <a href="Ivan_Turgenev" title="Ivan Turgenev">Ivan Turgenev</a>; and Impressionist painter <a href="Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Claude Monet</a>. Chausson also assembled a collection of paintings.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2></div>

<p>When 44 years old, Chausson died while staying at one of his country retreats, the Château de Moussets, in <a href="Limay%2C_Yvelines" title="Limay, Yvelines">Limay, Yvelines</a>. Riding his bicycle downhill, Chausson hit a brick wall and died instantly. The exact circumstances remain unclear; although probably an accident, there has been the suggestion of suicide, as Chausson was prone to depression. This suicide theory was propounded by Debussy's biographer <a href="Edward_Lockspeiser" title="Edward Lockspeiser">Edward Lockspeiser</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but has been rejected more recently by Chausson's own biographer Ralph Scott Grover.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When he was 20, Chausson jotted into his diary “I have the premonition that my life will be short. I’m far from complaining about it, but I should not want to die before having done something."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Chausson was buried in <a href="P%C3%A8re_Lachaise_Cemetery" title="Père Lachaise Cemetery">Père Lachaise Cemetery</a> in Paris. His funeral was attended by figures of the arts, including Duparc, <a href="Gabriel_Faur%C3%A9" title="Gabriel Fauré">Gabriel Fauré</a>, <a href="Isaac_Alb%C3%A9niz" title="Isaac Albéniz">Isaac Albéniz</a>, Redon, <a href="Edgar_Degas" title="Edgar Degas">Edgar Degas</a>, <a href="Auguste_Rodin" title="Auguste Rodin">Auguste Rodin</a>, <a href="Henri_de_R%C3%A9gnier" title="Henri de Régnier">Henri de Régnier</a>, <a href="Pierre_Lou%C3%BFs" title="Pierre Louÿs">Pierre Louÿs</a> and <a href="Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Claude Debussy</a>. While Chausson's brotherly relationship with Debussy had ended abruptly five years earlier, following his disapproval of Debussy's promiscuity,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nichols_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nichols-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Debussy never ceased to admire Chausson's music.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eponymy">Eponymy</h2></div>

<p>A small park, Square Ernest-Chausson, in the <a href="17th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="17th arrondissement of Paris">17th arrondissement of Paris</a> is named in his honour.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music">Music</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="List_of_compositions_by_Ernest_Chausson" title="List of compositions by Ernest Chausson">List of compositions by Ernest Chausson</a></div>

<p>The creative work of Chausson is commonly divided into three periods. In the first, his output was stylistically dominated by the influence of Massenet. The second period, dating from 1886, is marked by a more dramatic character, deriving partly from Chausson's contacts with the artistic milieux in which he moved. From his father's death in 1894 dates the beginning of his third period, during which he was especially influenced by his reading of the symbolist poets and Russian literature, particularly <a href="Ivan_Turgenev" title="Ivan Turgenev">Turgenev</a>, <a href="Fyodor_Dostoyevsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Fyodor Dostoyevsky">Dostoyevsky</a>, and <a href="Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a>.

</p><p>Chausson's work is individual, but it does reflect some technical influences of both Wagner and his other musical hero, Franck. Stylistic traces not only of Massenet but also of <a href="Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Brahms</a> can be detected sometimes. In general, Chausson's compositional idiom bridges the gap between the ripe Romanticism of Massenet and Franck and the more introverted Impressionism of Debussy.

</p><p>Several delicate songs came from Chausson's pen. He completed one opera, <i><a href="Le_roi_Arthus" title="Le roi Arthus">Le roi Arthus</a></i> (<i>King Arthur</i>). His orchestral output was small, but significant. It includes the symphonic poem <i><a href="Viviane_(Chausson)" title="Viviane (Chausson)">Viviane</a></i>; the <a href="Symphony_in_B-flat_(Chausson)" title="Symphony in B-flat (Chausson)">Symphony in B-flat</a>, his sole symphony; <a href="Po%C3%A8me_(Chausson)" title="Poème (Chausson)"><i>Poème</i> for violin and orchestra</a>, an important piece in the violin repertoire; and the dramatic song-cycle <i><a href="Po%C3%A8me_de_l'amour_et_de_la_mer" title="Poème de l'amour et de la mer">Poème de l'amour et de la mer</a></i>.

</p><p>Chausson is believed to be the first composer to use the <a href="Celesta" title="Celesta">celesta</a>. He employed that instrument in December 1888 in his <a href="Incidental_music" title="Incidental music">incidental music</a>, written for a small orchestra, for <i>La Tempête</i>, a French translation by <a href="Maurice_Bouchor" title="Maurice Bouchor">Maurice Bouchor</a> of <a href="William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>'s <i><a href="The_Tempest" title="The Tempest">The Tempest</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Not at all prolific, Chausson left behind only 39 opus-numbered pieces.

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<blockquote><p>"There are moments when I feel myself driven by a kind of feverish instinct, as if I had the presentiment of being unable to attain my goal, or of attaining it too late." <small>Ernest Chausson</small>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward Lockspeiser, <i>Debussy: His Life and Mind</i>, vol. 1 (London: Cassell, 1965), p. 126.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Scott Grover, <i>Ernest Chausson: The Man and His Music</i> (London: Athlone Press, 1980), p. 56; R. J. Stove, <i>César Franck: His Life and Times</i> (Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 2012), p. 306.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven M. Whiting, Liner Notes for <i>Concert in D major and Piano Trio in G minor</i> by Ernest Chausson. Naxos 8.572468. 2010, one compact CD.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward Lockspeiser, <i>Debussy: His Life and Mind</i>, vol. 1 (London: Cassell, 1965), pp. 40–47.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-Nichols-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nichols_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nichols, R., <i>The Life of Debussy</i> (Cambridge University Press, 1998).</span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blades, James and Holland, James, "Celesta"; in: Gallois, Jean, "Chausson, Ernest: Works", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grovemusic.com">Grove Music Online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516041031/http://www.grovemusic.com/">Archived</a> 2008-05-16 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (accessed 8 April 2006) (subscription required). Note: The first major composer to use the celesta in a work for full <a href="Orchestra" title="Orchestra">symphony orchestra</a> was <a href="Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Pyotr Tchaikovsky</a>. He first used it in his <a href="Symphonic_poem" title="Symphonic poem">symphonic poem</a> <i><a href="The_Voyevoda_(symphonic_ballad)" title="The Voyevoda (symphonic ballad)">The Voyevoda</a></i> in 1891, and the following year in his <a href="Ballet" title="Ballet">ballet</a> <i><a href="The_Nutcracker" title="The Nutcracker">The Nutcracker</a></i>, most notably in the "Dance of the Sugarplum Fairy".</span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div>

<ul><li>Charles Oulmont (), <i>Musique de l'amour. I. Ernest Chausson et "la bande à Franck"</i> (Paris: Desclée de Brouwer & Cie., 1935).</li>

<li>Jean Gallois, <i>Ernest Chausson</i> (Paris: Fayard, 1994).</li>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFLe_Doussal2000" class="citation journal cs1">Le Doussal, Florence (2000). "Maurice Denis et Ernest Chausson: Deux âmes fraternelles éprises d'absolu". <i>Music in Art: International Journal for Music Iconography</i>. <b>25</b> (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>2): <span class="nowrap">103–</span>114. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1522-7464">1522-7464</a>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ernest_Chausson" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Ernest Chausson">Ernest Chausson</a></span>.</div></div>

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<ul><li><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Category:Chausson,_Ernest" class="extiw external" title="scores:Category:Chausson, Ernest">Free scores by Ernest Chausson</a> at the <a href="International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a> (IMSLP)</li>

<li><a href="https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Ernest_Chausson" class="extiw external" title="choralwiki:Ernest Chausson">Free scores by Ernest Chausson</a> in the <a href="Choral_Public_Domain_Library" title="Choral Public Domain Library">Choral Public Domain Library</a> (ChoralWiki)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musescore.com/openscore-lieder-corpus/sets?order=title&text=chausson">Free digital scores by Ernest Chausson</a> in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musescore.com/openscore-lieder-corpus/sets">OpenScore Lieder Corpus</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/1802/2846"><i>Hymne védique</i> Chorus accompanied by orchestra, op. 9</a> Vocal Score (Paris: Hamelle, 1886) From Sibley Music Library Digital Scores Collection</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/1802/3068"><i>Mélodies pour chant et piano</i>, op. 2</a> (Paris: J. Hamelle, 1890) From Sibley Music Library Digital Scores Collection</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/1802/3238"><i>Les Vêpres du Commun des saint</i>, op. 31</a> (Paris: Editions de la Schola Cantorum, 1907) From Sibley Music Library Digital Scores Collection</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060831220648/http://www.jmc.co.il/musicfile.asp?mid=8">Recording of Piano Trio in G minor Op. 3</a> at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived August 31, 2006)</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Ernest_Chausson292" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="List_of_compositions_by_Ernest_Chausson" title="List of compositions by Ernest Chausson">List of compositions</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opera</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Le_roi_Arthus" title="Le roi Arthus">Le roi Arthus</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symphonic music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Symphony_in_B-flat_(Chausson)" title="Symphony in B-flat (Chausson)">Symphony in B-flat</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Viviane_(Chausson)" title="Viviane (Chausson)">Viviane</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concertante</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Po%C3%A8me_(Chausson)" title="Poème (Chausson)">Poème</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chamber music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="String_Quartet_(Chausson)" title="String Quartet (Chausson)">String Quartet in C minor</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vocal music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>"<a href="Chanson_perp%C3%A9tuelle" title="Chanson perpétuelle">Chanson perpétuelle</a>"</li>

<li><i><a href="Po%C3%A8me_de_l'amour_et_de_la_mer" title="Poème de l'amour et de la mer">Poème de l'amour et de la mer</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_Nationale_de_Musique" class="mw-redirect" title="Société Nationale de Musique">Société Nationale de Musique</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Romantic_music538" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Romantic_music538" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Romantic music</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="List_of_Romantic_composers" title="List of Romantic composers">List of Romantic composers</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Composers and<br> musicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Charles-Valentin_Alkan" title="Charles-Valentin Alkan">Alkan</a></li>

<li><a href="Anton_Arensky" title="Anton Arensky">Arensky</a></li>

<li><a href="Kurt_Atterberg" title="Kurt Atterberg">Atterberg</a></li>

<li><a href="Daniel_Auber" title="Daniel Auber">Auber</a></li>

<li><a href="Mily_Balakirev" title="Mily Balakirev">Balakirev</a></li>

<li><a href="Antonio_Bazzini" title="Antonio Bazzini">Bazzini</a></li>

<li><a href="Amy_Beach" title="Amy Beach">Beach</a></li>

<li><a href="Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a></li>

<li><a href="Vincenzo_Bellini" title="Vincenzo Bellini">Bellini</a></li>

<li><a href="William_Sterndale_Bennett" title="William Sterndale Bennett">Bennett</a></li>

<li><a href="Charles_Auguste_de_B%C3%A9riot" title="Charles Auguste de Bériot">Bériot</a></li>

<li><a href="Hector_Berlioz" title="Hector Berlioz">Berlioz</a></li>

<li><a href="Louise_Bertin" title="Louise Bertin">Bertin</a></li>

<li><a href="Franz_Berwald" title="Franz Berwald">Berwald</a></li>

<li><a href="Georges_Bizet" title="Georges Bizet">Bizet</a></li>

<li><a href="Alexander_Borodin" title="Alexander Borodin">Borodin</a></li>

<li><a href="Sergei_Bortkiewicz" title="Sergei Bortkiewicz">Bortkiewicz</a></li>

<li><a href="Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Brahms</a></li>

<li><a href="Max_Bruch" title="Max Bruch">Bruch</a></li>

<li><a href="Anton_Bruckner" title="Anton Bruckner">Bruckner</a></li>

<li><a href="Ferruccio_Busoni" title="Ferruccio Busoni">Busoni</a></li>

<li><a href="George_Whitefield_Chadwick" title="George Whitefield Chadwick">Chadwick</a></li>

<li><a href="C%C3%A9cile_Chaminade" title="Cécile Chaminade">Chaminade</a></li>

<li><a href="Luigi_Cherubini" title="Luigi Cherubini">Cherubini</a></li>

<li><a href="Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Chopin</a></li>

<li><a href="Bernhard_Crusell" title="Bernhard Crusell">Crusell</a></li>

<li><a href="Carl_Czerny" title="Carl Czerny">Czerny</a></li>

<li><a href="F%C3%A9licien_David" title="Félicien David">Félicien David</a></li>

<li><a href="Ferdinand_David_(musician)" title="Ferdinand David (musician)">Ferdinand David</a></li>

<li><a href="L%C3%A9o_Delibes" title="Léo Delibes">Delibes</a></li>

<li><a href="Frederick_Delius" title="Frederick Delius">Delius</a></li>

<li><a href="Luigi_Denza" title="Luigi Denza">Denza</a></li>

<li><a href="Gaetano_Donizetti" title="Gaetano Donizetti">Donizetti</a></li>

<li><a href="Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k" title="Antonín Dvořák">Dvořák</a></li>

<li><a href="Edward_Elgar" title="Edward Elgar">Elgar</a></li>

<li><a href="Louise_Farrenc" title="Louise Farrenc">Farrenc</a></li>

<li><a href="Gabriel_Faur%C3%A9" title="Gabriel Fauré">Fauré</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Field_(composer)" title="John Field (composer)">Field</a></li>

<li><a href="Arthur_Foote" title="Arthur Foote">Foote</a></li>

<li><a href="Stephen_Foster" title="Stephen Foster">Foster</a></li>

<li><a href="C%C3%A9sar_Franck" title="César Franck">Franck</a></li>

<li><a href="Robert_Franz" title="Robert Franz">Franz</a></li>

<li><a href="Mauro_Giuliani" title="Mauro Giuliani">Giuliani</a></li>

<li><a href="Alexander_Glazunov" title="Alexander Glazunov">Glazunov</a></li>

<li><a href="Mikhail_Glinka" title="Mikhail Glinka">Glinka</a></li>

<li><a href="Ant%C3%B4nio_Carlos_Gomes" title="Antônio Carlos Gomes">Gomes</a></li>

<li><a href="Jos%C3%A9_Melchor_Gomis" title="José Melchor Gomis">J. Gomis</a></li>

<li><a href="Charles_Gounod" title="Charles Gounod">Gounod</a></li>

<li><a href="Alexander_Gretchaninov" title="Alexander Gretchaninov">Gretchaninov</a></li>

<li><a href="Edvard_Grieg" title="Edvard Grieg">Grieg</a></li>

<li><a href="Fromental_Hal%C3%A9vy" title="Fromental Halévy">Halévy</a></li>

<li><a href="Victor_Herbert" title="Victor Herbert">Herbert</a></li>

<li><a href="Ferdinand_H%C3%A9rold" title="Ferdinand Hérold">Hérold</a></li>

<li><a href="Gustav_Holst" title="Gustav Holst">Holst</a></li>

<li><a href="Johann_Nepomuk_Hummel" title="Johann Nepomuk Hummel">Hummel</a></li>

<li><a href="Joseph_Joachim" title="Joseph Joachim">Joachim</a></li>

<li><a href="Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin">Joplin</a></li>

<li><a href="Jan_Kalivoda" title="Jan Kalivoda">Kalivoda</a></li>

<li><a href="Friedrich_Kalkbrenner" title="Friedrich Kalkbrenner">Kalkbrenner</a></li>

<li><a href="Fritz_Kreisler" title="Fritz Kreisler">Kreisler</a></li>

<li><a href="Friedrich_Kuhlau" title="Friedrich Kuhlau">Kuhlau</a></li>

<li><a href="Toivo_Kuula" title="Toivo Kuula">Kuula</a></li>

<li><a href="Franz_Lachner" title="Franz Lachner">Lachner</a></li>

<li><a href="Ruggero_Leoncavallo" title="Ruggero Leoncavallo">Leoncavallo</a></li>

<li><a href="Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Liszt</a></li>

<li><a href="Carl_Loewe" title="Carl Loewe">Loewe</a></li>

<li><a href="Hans_Christian_Lumbye" title="Hans Christian Lumbye">Lumbye</a></li>

<li><a href="Mykola_Lysenko" title="Mykola Lysenko">Lysenko</a></li>

<li><a href="Edward_MacDowell" title="Edward MacDowell">MacDowell</a></li>

<li><a href="Leevi_Madetoja" title="Leevi Madetoja">Madetoja</a></li>

<li><a href="Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Mahler</a></li>

<li><a href="Heinrich_Marschner" title="Heinrich Marschner">Marschner</a></li>

<li><a href="Santiago_Masarnau_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Santiago Masarnau Fernández">Masarnau</a></li>

<li><a href="Jules_Massenet" title="Jules Massenet">Massenet</a></li>

<li><a href="Nikolai_Medtner" title="Nikolai Medtner">Medtner</a></li>

<li><a href="%C3%89tienne_M%C3%A9hul" title="Étienne Méhul">Méhul</a></li>

<li><a href="Fanny_Mendelssohn" title="Fanny Mendelssohn">Fanny Mendelssohn</a></li>

<li><a href="Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Felix Mendelssohn</a></li>

<li><a href="Saverio_Mercadante" title="Saverio Mercadante">Mercadante</a></li>

<li><a href="Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_M%C3%A9reaux" title="Amédée Méreaux">Méreaux</a></li>

<li><a href="Giacomo_Meyerbeer" title="Giacomo Meyerbeer">Meyerbeer</a></li>

<li><a href="Stanis%C5%82aw_Moniuszko" title="Stanisław Moniuszko">Moniuszko</a></li>

<li><a href="Ignaz_Moscheles" title="Ignaz Moscheles">Moscheles</a></li>

<li><a href="Moritz_Moszkowski" title="Moritz Moszkowski">Moszkowski</a></li>

<li><a href="Modest_Mussorgsky" title="Modest Mussorgsky">Mussorgsky</a></li>

<li><a href="Louis_Niedermeyer" title="Louis Niedermeyer">Niedermeyer</a></li>

<li><a href="Carl_Nielsen" title="Carl Nielsen">Nielsen</a></li>

<li><a href="Jacques_Offenbach" title="Jacques Offenbach">Offenbach</a></li>

<li><a href="George_Onslow_(composer)" title="George Onslow (composer)">Onslow</a></li>

<li><a href="Giovanni_Pacini" title="Giovanni Pacini">Pacini</a></li>

<li><a href="Ignacy_Jan_Paderewski" title="Ignacy Jan Paderewski">Paderewski</a></li>

<li><a href="Niccol%C3%B2_Paganini" title="Niccolò Paganini">Paganini</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Knowles_Paine" title="John Knowles Paine">Paine</a></li>

<li><a href="David_Popper" title="David Popper">Popper</a></li>

<li><a href="%C3%89mile_Prudent" title="Émile Prudent">Prudent</a></li>

<li><a href="Giacomo_Puccini" title="Giacomo Puccini">Puccini</a></li>

<li><a href="Sergei_Rachmaninoff" title="Sergei Rachmaninoff">Rachmaninoff</a></li>

<li><a href="Anton_Reicha" title="Anton Reicha">Reicha</a></li>

<li><a href="Carl_Reinecke" title="Carl Reinecke">Reinecke</a></li>

<li><a href="Ottorino_Respighi" title="Ottorino Respighi">Respighi</a></li>

<li><a href="Nikolai_Rimsky-Korsakov" title="Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov">Rimsky-Korsakov</a></li>

<li><a href="Gioachino_Rossini" title="Gioachino Rossini">Rossini</a></li>

<li><a href="Anton_Rubinstein" title="Anton Rubinstein">Rubinstein</a></li>

<li><a href="Camille_Saint-Sa%C3%ABns" title="Camille Saint-Saëns">Saint-Saëns</a></li>

<li><a href="Pablo_de_Sarasate" title="Pablo de Sarasate">Sarasate</a></li>

<li><a href="Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert">Schubert</a></li>

<li><a href="Clara_Schumann" title="Clara Schumann">C. Schumann</a></li>

<li><a href="Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">R. Schumann</a></li>

<li><a href="Alexander_Scriabin" title="Alexander Scriabin">Scriabin</a></li>

<li><a href="Jean_Sibelius" title="Jean Sibelius">Sibelius</a></li>

<li><a href="Bed%C5%99ich_Smetana" title="Bedřich Smetana">Smetana</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa">Sousa</a></li>

<li><a href="Louis_Spohr" title="Louis Spohr">Spohr</a></li>

<li><a href="Gaspare_Spontini" title="Gaspare Spontini">Spontini</a></li>

<li><a href="Johann_Strauss_I" title="Johann Strauss I">J. Strauss I</a></li>

<li><a href="Johann_Strauss_II" title="Johann Strauss II">J. Strauss II</a></li>

<li><a href="Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">R. Strauss</a></li>

<li><a href="Sergei_Taneyev" title="Sergei Taneyev">Taneyev</a></li>

<li><a href="Francisco_T%C3%A1rrega" title="Francisco Tárrega">Tárrega</a></li>

<li><a href="Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Tchaikovsky</a></li>

<li><a href="Sigismond_Thalberg" title="Sigismond Thalberg">Thalberg</a></li>

<li><a href="Rudolf_Tobias" title="Rudolf Tobias">Tobias</a></li>

<li><a href="Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Verdi</a></li>

<li><a href="Henri_Vieuxtemps" title="Henri Vieuxtemps">Vieuxtemps</a></li>

<li><a href="Jan_V%C3%A1clav_Vo%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1ek" title="Jan Václav Voříšek">Voříšek</a></li>

<li><a href="Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a></li>

<li><a href="Carl_Maria_von_Weber" title="Carl Maria von Weber">Weber</a></li>

<li><a href="Henryk_Wieniawski" title="Henryk Wieniawski">Wieniawski</a></li>

<li><a href="Ralph_Vaughan_Williams" title="Ralph Vaughan Williams">Vaughan Williams</a></li>

<li><a href="Eug%C3%A8ne_Ysa%C3%BFe" title="Eugène Ysaÿe">Ysaÿe</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Instrumentation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Romantic_guitar" title="Romantic guitar">Romantic guitar</a></li>

<li><a href="Orchestra#Early_Romantic_orchestra" title="Orchestra">Romantic orchestra</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ballade_(classical_music)" title="Ballade (classical music)">Ballade</a></li>

<li><a href="Character_piece" title="Character piece">Character piece</a></li>

<li><a href="Chorale_prelude" title="Chorale prelude">Chorale prelude</a></li>

<li><a href="Intermezzo" title="Intermezzo">Intermezzo</a></li>

<li><a href="Mazurka" title="Mazurka">Mazurka</a></li>

<li><a href="Orchestral_song" title="Orchestral song">Orchestral song</a></li>

<li><a href="Romantic_ballet" title="Romantic ballet">Romantic ballet</a></li>

<li><a href="Romantische_Oper" title="Romantische Oper">Romantic opera</a></li>

<li><a href="Symphonic_poem" title="Symphonic poem">Symphonic poem</a></li>

<li><a href="Symphony" title="Symphony">Symphony</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Indianist_movement" title="Indianist movement">Indianist movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Musical_nationalism" title="Musical nationalism">Musical nationalism</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Neue_Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_Musik" title="Neue Zeitschrift für Musik">Neue Zeitschrift für Musik</a></i></li>

<li><a href="New_German_School" title="New German School">New German School</a></li>

<li><a href="Post-romanticism" title="Post-romanticism">Post-romanticism</a></li>

<li><a href="Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky_and_the_Belyayev_circle" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and the Belyayev circle">Tchaikovsky and the Belyayev circle</a></li>

<li><a href="Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky_and_The_Five" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and The Five">Tchaikovsky and The Five</a></li>

<li>"<a href="War_of_the_Romantics" title="War of the Romantics">War of the Romantics</a>"</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Common_practice_period" title="Common practice period">Common practice period</a></li>

<li><a href="Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Romantic_chess" title="Romantic chess">Chess</a></li>

<li><a href="Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic Revival architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Romantic_poetry" title="Romantic poetry">Poetry</a></li>

<li><a href="Romanticism_in_science" title="Romanticism in science">Science</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Musical_nationalism" title="Musical nationalism">Musical nationalism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">Romantic nationalism</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="float: left;"> ← <b>Classical music</b></div><div style="float: right;"><b>Modernist music</b> → </div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="Portal%3AClassical_music" title="Portal:Classical music">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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